Title Year Resource Type Tags

Youth Collective Political Expression on Social Media: The Role of Affordances and Memetic Dimensions for Voicing Political Views

Loana Literat Neta Kligler-Vilenchik
New Media & Society 21 (9): 1988-2009. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819837571
2019 Article (Journal) Identity Memes as Capital Politics

You Can't Run Your SUV on Cute. Let's Go!": Internet Memes as Delegitimizing Discourse

Corey B. Davison Mark Glantz David R. Novak
Environmental Communication 10 (1): 62-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2014.991411
2016 Article (Journal) Discourse Environment

"Written in These Scars Are the Stories I Can't Explain": A Content Analysis of pro-Ana and Thinspiration Image Sharing on Instagram

Debbie Ging Sarah Garvey
New Media & Society 20 (3): 1181-1200. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816687288
2018 Article (Journal) Instagram Identity Mental health Pro-ana

Who Would Jesus Bomb? The Republican Jesus Meme and the Fracturing of Ideology

Christopher M. Duerringer
Social Media + Society 2 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116637095
2016 Article (Journal) Ideology Religion US

'Who is /ourguy/?': Tracing panoramic memes to study the collectivity of 4chan/pol/

Sal Hagen
2022 Article (Journal) 4chan Actor-Network Theory Alt-right US

Where was King Kong when we needed him?" Public discourse, digital disaster jokes, and the functions of laughter after 9/11

Giselinde Kuipers
The Journal of American Culture 28 (1): 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734X.2005.00155.x
2005 Article (Journal) Humour Jokes Laughter Sociology of humour US

When Paper Goes Viral: Handmade Signs as Vernacular Materiality in Digital Space

Andrew Peck Katie Day Good
International Journal of Communication 14 (23): https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/10965
2020 Article (Journal) Analog memes Feminism Gender

When High and Pop Culture (Re)Mix: An Inquiry into the Memetic Transformations of Artwork

Tali Aharoni
New Media & Society 21 (10): 2283-2304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819845917
2019 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art Remix culture

When Ethnic Humour Goes Digital

Lillian Boxman-Shabtai Limor Shifman
New Media & Society 17 (4): 520-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813506972
2015 Article (Journal) Ethnic humour Identity

Weaponized iconoclasm in Internet memes featuring the expression 'Fake News'

Christopher Smith
Discourse & Communication 13 (3): 303-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481319835639
2019 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics Trolling and antagonism

Walter Benja-Memes

Robby Hardesty Jess Linz Anna J. Secor
GeoHumanities 5 (2): 496-513. https://doi.org/10.1080/2373566X.2019.1624188
2019 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art Walter Benjamin

Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme

Richard Brodie
Hay House
2009 Book Memes as Capital

Updating to Remain the Same: Habitual New Media

Wendy Hui Kyong Chun
Cambridge: MIT Press 9780262534727
2016 Book New media

Turning a Communist Party Leader into an Internet Meme: The Political and Apolitical Aspects of China's Toad Worship Culture

Kecheng Fang
Information, Communication & Society 23 (1): 38-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1485722
2020 Article (Journal) Politics China

Trolling: Who Does It and Why?

Tom De Castella Virginia Brown
2011 Article (News) Memes as Capital Trolling and antagonism

Tiger King's Meme-Ification of White Grievance and the Normalization of Misogyny

Jorie Lagerwey Taylor Nygaard
Communication, Culture and Critique https://doi.org/10/ghp32v
2020 Article (Journal) Feminism Gender Misogyny White Grievance

Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads Through Society: The New Science of Memes: How Ideas Act Like Viruses

Aaron Lynch
New York: Basic Books 9780465084678
1998 Book Memetics

'This Is NOT a #humblebrag, This Is Just a #brag': The Pragmatics of Self-Praise, Hashtags and Politeness in Instagram Posts

David Matley
Discourse, Context & Media 22 30-8. https://doi.org/10/gdcbbq
2018 Article (Journal) Instagram Hashtags Linguistics Memes as Capital Semiotics

This Insider Meme Account Mercilessly Trolls the Art World: Artists, Collectors and Especially Gallery Interns Are Not Safe from the Satire of @jerrygogosian

Angela Waters
2019 Article (Digital Magazine) Art

(((They))) Rule: Memetic Antagonism and Nebulous Othering on 4chan

Marc Tuters Sal Hagen
New Media & Society 22 (12): 2218-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819888746
2020 Article (Journal) 4chan Identity Trolling and antagonism

The World Made Meme: Public Conversations and Participatory Media

Ryan M. Milner
Cambridge: MIT Press
2016 Book Memes as Capital

The Virtual Window: From Alberti to Microsoft

Anne Friedberg
Cambridge: MIT Press 9780262512503
2009 Book Aesthetics Art

The Unsacred and the Spectacularized: Alan Kurdi and the Migrant Body

Yasmin Ibrahim
Social Media + Society 4 (4): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118803884
2018 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Death Iconic imagery Migrant

The Subtle Spread of Hateful Memes: Examining Engagement Intentions Among Parents of Adolescents

Sarah L. F. Burnham Miriam R. Arbeit Lacey J. Hilliard
2022 Article (Journal) Alt-right Far-right Literacy New Media Literacy

The Selfish Meme: Dawkins, Peirce, Freud

Joel West
2020 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

The role of internet memes in shaping young people's health-related social media interactions

Ashley Casey
Young People, Social Media and Health edited by Victoria A. Goodyear, Kathleen M. Armour, 162-176. London: Routledge 9780367664671
2019 Book Chapter Health Social media Youth

The right-leaning be memeing: Extremist uses of Internet memes and insights for CVE design

Inés Bolaños Somoano
2022 Article (Journal) Far-right Grassroots Policy Transnational

"There's No Place for Lulz on LOLCats": The Role of Genre, Gender, and Group Identity in the Interpretation and Enjoyment of an Internet Meme

Kate Miltner
2014 Article (Journal) Feminism Gender Identity LOLCats

The Problem of Modern Monetization of Memes: How Copyright Law Can Give Protection to Meme Creators

Mark Marciszewski
Pace Intellectual Property, Sports & Entertainment Law Forum 9 (61):
2020 Article (Journal) Copyright Law Memes as Capital

The Post and the Grab: Instagram Memes and Affective Labour

Eileen Mary Holowka
Palgrave Macmillan 155-174 9783319989716 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98971-6_10
2018 Book chapter Instagram Affect Affective labour Labour

The Networked Practice of Online Political Satire in China: Between Ritual and Resistance

Guobin Yang Min Jiang
International Communication Gazette 77 (3): 215-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048514568757
2015 Article (Journal) Memes as Capital Protest Resistance China

The Naked Meme

David L. Hull
Wiley-Blackwell 9780471102199
1982 Book chapter Epistemology Evolution Memetics

The Modes of Visual Rhetoric: Circulating Memes as Expressions

Eric S. Jenkins
Quarterly Journal of Speech 100 (4): 442-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2014.989258
2014 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art Rhetoric

The 'losers' of China's Internet: Memes as 'structures of feeling' for disillusioned young netizens

Marcella Szablewicz
China Information 28 (2): 259-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X14531538
2014 Article (Journal) Counter publics Diaosi Netizenship Publics China

The Language of New Media

Lev Manovich
Cambridge: MIT Press 9780262133746
2001 Book Aesthetics Art New Media

The Language of Internet Memes

Patrick Davison
The Social Media Reader edited by Michael Mandiberg, 120-34. New York: New York University Press
2012 Book Chapter Linguistics Semiotics

The Empire Tweets Back? #HumanitarianStarWars and Memetic Self-Critique in the Aid Industry

Peter Chonka
Social Media + Society 5 (4): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119888655
2019 Article (Journal) Humanitarianism Twitter

The emotions that drive viral video

Karen Nelson-Field Erica Riebe Kellie Newstead
Australasian Marketing Journal 21 (4): 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2013.07.003
2013 Article (Journal) Emotions Marketing Viral videos Virality

The Dissonance of "Civil" Religion in Religious-Political Memetic Discourse During the 2016 Presidential Elections

Heidi E. Campbell Katherine Arredondo Katie Dundas Cody Wolf
Social Media + Society 4 (2): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118782678
2018 Article (Journal) Elections Politics Religion US

The Cultural Logic of Photo-Based Meme Genres

Limor Shifman
Journal of Visual Culture 13 (3): 340-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470412914546577
2014 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art Genres

The Costs of Connection: How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism

Nick Couldry Ulises Ali Mejias
Stanford: Stanford University Press
2019 Book Capitalism Memes as Capital

The Ambivalent Internet: Mischief, Oddity, and Antagonism Online

Ryan M. Milner Whitney Phillips
Cambridge: Polity
2017 Book Memes as Capital Trolling and antagonism

Sweden Then vs. Sweden Now

Samuel Merrill
2020 Article (Journal) Facebook Discourse Far-right Politics Rhetoric Sweden

Subversive Memes: Internet Memes as a Form of Visual Rhetoric

Heidi E. Huntington
AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research https://spir.aoir.org/ojs/index.php/spir/article/view/8886
2013 Article (Journal) Linguistics Rhetoric Semiotics

Strategic Framing and Social Media Engagement: Analyzing Memes Posted by the German Identitarian Movement on Facebook

Lars Guenther Georg Ruhmann Jenny Bischoff Tessa Penzel Antonia Weber
Social Media + Society 6 (1): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119898777
2020 Article (Journal) Facebook Identity Germany

Still Life with Rhetoric: A New Materialist Approach for Visual Rhetorics

Laurie E. Gries
University Press of Colorado https://muse.jhu.edu/book/38617
2015 Book Aesthetics Art Rhetoric

Spreadable spectacle in digital culture: Civic expression, fake news, and the role of media literacies in "post-fact" society

Paul Mihailidis Samantha Viotty
American Behavioral Scientist 61 (4): 441-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217701217
2017 Article (Journal) Civic expression Digital culture Fake news Media literacy

Software Takes Command: Extending the Language of New Media

Lev Manovich
New York: Bloomsbury 9781623568177 https://www.academia.edu/542750/Software_Takes_Command
2013 Book Aesthetics Art New Media

Sociality and Classification: Reading Gender, Race, and Class in a Humorous Meme

Akane Kanai
Social Media + Society 4 https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116672884
2016 Article (Journal) Class Feminism Gender Identity

Sick Bunnies and Pocket Dumps: 'Not-Selfies' and the Genre of Self-Representation

Katrin Tiidenberg Andrew Whelan
Popular Communication 15 (2): 141-53. https://doi.org/10/ggbs47
2017 Article (Journal) Genres Identity Selfies

Rude awakening: memes as dialectical images

Marc Tuters Geert Lovink
2018 Article (Digital Magazine) Dialectical Images New Media Walter Benjamin

Reviving icons to death: when historic photographs become digital memes

Sandrine Boudana Paul Frosh Akiba A. Cohen
Media, Culture & Society 39 (8): 1210-1230. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717690818
2017 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art Photography

Revenge by Photoshop: Memefying Police Acts in the Public Dialogue about Injustice

Petra Saskia Bayerl Lachezar Stoynov
New Media & Society 18 (6): 1006-1026. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814554747
2016 Article (Journal) Injustice Resistance Trolling and antagonism

Remix Theory: The Aesthetics of Sampling

Eduardo Navas
New York: Springer 9783990434994
2012 Book Aesthetics Art Remix culture

Remix and the Dialogic Engine of Culture: A Model for Generative Combinatoriality

Martin Irvine
The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies edited by Eduardo Navas, Owen Gallagher, Xtine Burrough, 15-41. New York: Routledge
2015 Book Chapter Aesthetics Art Remix culture

Remediation: Understanding New Media

David J. Bolter Richard A. Grusin
Cambridge: MIT Press 9780262522793
1999 Book Aesthetics Art New Media

Racial microaggressions and perceptions of internet memes

Amanda Williams Clio Oliver Katherine Aumer Chanel Meyers
Computers in Human Behaviour 63 424-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.067
2016 Article (Journal) Identity Race

Race/Gender/Class/Media: Considering Diversity across Audiences, Content and Producers

Rebecca Ann Lind
Abingdon: Routledge
2019 Book Class Feminism Gender Race

Querying 'Karen': The Rise of the Angry White Woman

Diane Negra Julia Leyda
European Journal of Cultural Studies https://doi.org/10/gg8t8r
2020 Article (Journal) Feminism Gender Karen

Punishing Brady, redeeming Brady: a fantasy theme analysis of memes from the 2015 Deflategate controversy

Gregory Perreault Patrick Ferrucci
Atlantic Journal of Communication 27 (3): 153-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2019.1610761
2019 Article (Journal) Identity

Pragmatics of Humour in Memes in Spanish

Francisco Yus
Spanish in Context 18 (1): 113-35. https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00070.yus
2019 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

Positive Non-Humorous Effects of Humor on the Internet

Francisco Yus
The Dynamics of Interactional Humor: Creating and negotiating humor in everyday encounters edited by Villy Tsakona, Jan Chovane, 283-304. John Benjamins Publishing Company https://doi.org/10.1075/thr.7
2018 Book Chapter Linguistics Semiotics

Persuasion through bitter humor: Multimodal discourse analysis of rhetoric in internet memes of two far-right groups in Finland

Eemeli Hakoköngäs Otto Halmesvaara Inari Sakki
Social Media + Society 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120921575
2020 Article (Journal) Far-right Identity Politics Rhetoric Finland

Pepper Spray Cop and the American Dream: Using Synecdoche and Metaphor to Unlock Internet Memes

Heidi E. Huntington
Communication Studies 67 (1): 77-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2015.1087414
2016 Article (Journal) Politics Rhetoric Synecdoche Visual rhetoric US

Partisan cues and internet memes: Early evidence for motivated skepticism in audience message processing of spreadable political media

Heidi E. Huntington
Atlantic Journal of Communication 28 (3): 194-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2019.1614589
2020 Article (Journal) Partisanship Politics Skepticism

On the Uses of Fairy Dust: Contagion, Sorcery and the Crafting of Other Worlds

David Harvie Keri Milburn
Culture and Organization 24 (3): 179-95. https://doi.org/10/gf8wfx
2018 Article (Journal) Capitalism Identity Mimetics

On the Interaction of Core and Emergent Common Ground in Internet Memes

Elke Diedrichsen
Internet Pragmatics 3 (2): 223-59. https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00033.die
2019 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

One Platform, a Thousand Worlds: On Twitter Irony in the Early Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

Stefania Vicari Maria Francesca Murru
Social Media + Society 6 (3): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948254
2020 Article (Journal) Twitter COVID-19 Digital Methods Irony Platforms Italy

One Does Not Simply Meme about Organizations: Exploring the Content Creation Strategies of User-Generated Memes on Imgur

Pamela Jo Brubaker Scott Haden Church Jared Hansen Steven Pelham Alison Ostler
Public Relations Review 44 (5): 741-51. https://doi.org/10/gf8wfw
2018 Article (Journal) Imgur Memes as Capital

'#OkBoomer, time to meet the Zoomers': studying the memefication of intergenerational politics on TikTok

Crystal Abidin Jing Zeng
Information, Communication & Society 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1961007
2021 Article (Journal) TikTok Generational politics Identity

"No Prejudice Here": Examining Social Identity Work in Starter Pack Memes

Jordan Eschler Amanda Menking
Social Media + Society 4 (2): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118768811
2018 Article (Journal) Identity Memes as Capital Starter pack

Nipples, memes, and algorithmic failure: NSFW critique of Tumblr censorship

Elena Pilipets Susanna Paasonen
New Media & Society 24 (6): 1459-1480. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820979280
2020 Article (Journal) Tumblr Affect Algorithms NSFW Screenshots

Nice Guys, Virgins, and Incels: Gender in Remixing and Sharing Memes at Hackathons

Siân J. M. Brooke
Association for Computing Machinery 1-14 https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3491102.3517627
2022 Conference Proceedings Hackathons HCI Incels Toxic masculinity

News via Voldemort: Parody Accounts in Topical Discussions on Twitter

Tim Highfield
New Media & Society 18 (9): 2028-2045. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815576703
2016 Article (Journal) Twitter Fan studies Parody Social media Trolling and antagonism

Never Gonna GIF You Up: Analyzing the Cultural Significance of the Animated GIF

Kate Miltner Tim Highfield
Social Media + Society 3 (3): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117725223
2017 Article (Journal) Digital culture GIF Web history

Networked Art

Craig Saper
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 9780816637072 https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/networked-art
2001 Book Aesthetics Art New Media

Neither Meme nor Viral: The Circulationist Semiotics of Vernacular Content

Gabriele De Seta
Lexia: Rivista Di Semiotica https://doi.org/10.4399/978882550315926
2016 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

My Life Is a Mess: Self-Deprecating Relatability and Collective Identities in the Memification of Student Issues

Crystal Abidin Kristine Ask
Information, Communication & Society 21 (6): 834-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1437204
2018 Article (Journal) Identity Self deprecating Students

Multimodality in Memes: A Cyberpragmatic Approach

Francisco Yus
Analyzing Digital Discourse: New Insights and Future Directions edited by Patricia Bou-Franch, Pilar Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, 205-31. Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92663-6_4
2019 Book Chapter Linguistics Semiotics

Multimodal Communication on Tumblr: "I Have So Many Feels !"

E. Bourlai S. Herring
Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference on Web Scienc 171-75 https://doi.org/10.1145/2615569.2615697
2014 Conference Proceedings Tumblr Linguistics Semiotics

More than Humor: Memes as Bonding Icons for Belonging in Donor-Conceived People

Giselle Newton Michele Zappavigna Kerryn Drysdale Christy E. Newman
Social Media + Society 8 (1): https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211069055
2022 Article (Journal) Belonging Donor-concieved Identity Semiotics

Monetizing a Meme: YouTube, Content ID, and the Harlem Shake

Michael Soha Zachary J. McDowell
Social Media + Society 2 (1): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115623801
2016 Article (Journal) YouTube Authorship Copyright Labour Monetisation

Modular Complexity and Remix: The Collapse of Time and Space into Search

Eduardo Navas
2013 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art Remix culture

Modern Problems Require Modern Solutions: Internet Memes and Copyright

Lee J. Matalon
Texas Law Review 98 (405):
2019 Article (Journal) Copyright Law Memes as Capital

Meme-Tracking and the Dynamics of the News Cycle

Jure Leskovec Lars Backstorm Jon Kleinberg
New York: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining 497-506 https://doi.org/10/dp59g8
2009 Conference Proceedings Linguistics Semiotics

Memetic Science: I - General Introduction

Elan Moritz
1990 Article (Journal) Epistemology Memetics Metaphysics

Memetic Persuasion and WhatsAppification in Indonesia's 2019 Presidential Election

Emma Baulch Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández Fiona Suwana
2022 Article (Journal) WhatsApp Elections Meme factories Political campaign Public discourse Indonesia

Meme Templates as Expressive Repertoires in a Globalizing World: A Cross-Linguistic Study

Limor Shifman Asaf Nissenbaum
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 23 (5): 294-310. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmy016
2018 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics Templates

Memes versus Signs: On the Use of Meaning Concepts about Nature and Culture

Erkki Kilpinen
Semiotica 171 215-237. https://doi.org/10/bpdw2f
2008 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

Memes to Movements: How the World's Most Viral Media Is Changing Social Protest and Power

An Xiao Mina
Boston: Beacon Press 9780807056585
2019 Book Civic expression Politics Resistance Social movements

Memes, scenes and #ELXN2019s: How partisans make memes during elections

Fenwick McKelvey Scott DeJong Janna Frenzel
2021 Article (Journal) Facebook Elections Partisanship Political campaign Politics Canada

Memes Memes the Relatable Fruit

Ryan Scavnicky
Pidgin, Princeton University School of Architecture 26
2020 Article (Journal) Architecture

Memes, GIFs, and Remix Culture: Compact Appropriation in Everyday Digital Life

Eckart Voigts
The Routledge Companion to Adaptation edited by Dennis R. Cutchins, Katja Krebs, Eckart Voigts, 390-403. New York: Routledge
2017 Book Chapter Aesthetics Art GIFs Remix culture

Memes, Genes, and Signs: Semiotics in the Conceptual Interface of Evolutionary Biology and Memetics

Ivan Fomin
Semiotica 230 327-40. https://doi.org/10/gf8wjr
2019 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

Memes, Digital Remix Culture and (Re)Mediating British Politics and Public Life

Francesca Sobande
IPPR Progressive Review 26 (2): 151-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/newe.12155
2019 Article (Journal) Identity Politics Remix culture UK

Memes as Snapshots of Participation: The Role of Digital Amateur Activists in Authoritarian Regimes

Cristina Moreno-Almeida
New Media & Society 23 (6): 1545-1566. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820912722
2020 Article (Journal) Civic expression Digital culture Resistance

Memes as Genre: A Structurational Analysis of the Memescape

Bradley E. Wiggins G Bret Bowers
New Media & Society 17 (11): 1886-1906. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814535194
2015 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art Genres

Memes and symbolic violence: #proudboys and the use of memes for propaganda and the construction of collective identity

Julia R. DeCook
Learning, Media and Technology 43 (4): 485-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2018.1544149
2018 Article (Journal) Far-right Identity Propoganda Rhetoric

Memes and Recombinant Appropriation: Remix, Mashup, Parody

Eckart Voigts
The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies edited by Thomas M. Leitch, 286-302. New York: Oxford University Press
2017 Book Chapter Aesthetics Art Remix culture

Memes against Sexism? A Multi-Method Analysis of the Feminist Protest Hashtag #distractinglysexy and Its Resonance in the Mainstream News Media

Cornelia Brantner Katharina Lobinger Miriam Stehling
2019 Article (Journal) Feminism Gender Protest Resistance

Memes

Jim McGrath
The SAGE Handbook of Web History edited by Niels Brügger, Ian Milligan, 505-519. London: SAGE Publications 9781473980051
2019 Handbook entry Definitions Digital culture Web history

Meme factory cultures and content pivoting in Singapore and Malaysia during COVID-19

Crystal Abidin
2020 Article (Journal) Meme factories Malaysia Singapore

Media Transformation: The Transfer of Media Characteristics among Media

Lars Elleström
Palgrave Macmillan 9781137474254
2014 Book Aesthetics Art Media

"Mars and Venus" in Virtual Space: Post-Feminist Humor and the Internet

Limor Shifman Dafna Lemish
Critical Studies in Media Communication 28 (3): 253-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2010.522589
2011 Article (Journal) Feminism Gender Post-feminism

Making Sense? The Structure and Meanings of Digital Memetic Nonsense

Limor Shifman Yuval Katz
Information, Communication & Society 20 (6): 825-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1291702
2017 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

Look at Us, We Have Anxiety: Youth, Memes, and the Power of Online Cultural Politic

Julian Burton
Journal of Childhood Studies 3-17. https://doi.org/10/gf8762
2019 Article (Journal) Identity Mental health Youth

Liking as Taste Making: Social Media Practices as Generators of Aesthetic Valuation and Distinction

Johannes Paßmann Cornelius Schubert
2020 Article (Journal) Memes as Capital

"Liking" as Creating: On Aesthetic Category Memes

Jordan Schonig
New Media & Society 22 (1): 26-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819855727
2020 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art

"Let's Go, Baby Forklift!": Fandom Governance and the Political Power of Cuteness in China

Jamie Wong Crystal Lee Vesper Keyi Long Di Wu Graham M. Jones
Social Media + Society 7 (2): https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211024960
2021 Article (Journal) Cuteness Fandom Governance Nationalism China

Leftist Memes Are Everywhere on Instagram. Now Their Creators Are Unionizing

Rebecca Jennings
2019 Article (Digital Magazine) Instagram Leftist memes Leftist politics Politics Unionism

Laughing to Forget or to Remember? Anne Frank Memes and Mediatization of Holocaust Memory

Juan-Manuel González-Aguilar Mykola Makhortykh
2022 Article (Journal) Anne Frank Death Digital memory Holocaust

Kitten Thinks of Nothing but Murder All Day: Tumblr Text Post Memes as Fandom Détournement

J.S.A Lowe
Michigan: University of Michigan Press 9780472054565 https://www.press.umich.edu/11537055/tumblr_book
2020 Book chapter Tumblr Fandom Text posts

"Kim Davis be like ... ": a feminist critique of gender humor in online political memes

Summer Harlow Jerrica Ty Rowlett Laura-Kate Huse
Information, Communication & Society 23 (7): 1057-73.
2018 Article (Journal) Feminism Politics

Jokes and Targets

Christie Davies
Bloomington: Indiana University Press 9780253223029
2011 Book Humour Jokes Sociology of humour Trolling and antagonism

It Wasn't Just the Trolls: Early Internet Culture, "Fun," and the Fires of Exclusionary Laughter

Whitney Phillips
Social Media + Society 5 (3): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119849493
2019 Article (Journal) Digital culture Irony Trolling and antagonism

'It's So Hard Not to Be Funny in This Situation': Memes and Humor in U.S. Youth Online Political Expression.

Joel Penney
Television & New Media https://doi.org/10/ggcvgd
2019 Article (Journal) Identity Politics Rhetoric US

"It Gets Better": Internet Memes and the Construction of Collective Identity

Limor Shifman Noam Gal Zohar Kampf
New Media & Society 18 (8): 1698-1714. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814568784
2016 Article (Journal) Identity LGBTQ+ Mental health

Internet Memes as Partial Stories: Identifying Political Narratives in Coronavirus Memes

Constance de Saint Laurent Vlad Glăveanu Ioana Literat
Social Media + Society 7 (1): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121988932
2021 Article (Journal) Reddit COVID-19 Narrative Politics Psychology

Internet Memes as Internet Signs: A Semiotic View of Digital Culture

Sara Cannizzaro
Sign Systems Studies 44 (4): 562. https://doi.org/10.12697/SSS.2016.44.4.05
2016 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

Internet Memes as Contested Cultural Capital: The Case of 4chan's /b/ Board

Limor Shifman Asaf Nissenbaum
New Media & Society 19 (4): 483-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815609313
2017 Article (Journal) 4chan Memes as Capital

Internet Memes and Society: Social Cultural, and Political Contexts

Anastasia Denisova
2020 Book Identity Memes as Capital

Internet Memes

Kate Miltner
SAGE Publications 412-428 https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066
2018 Book chapter Definitions

Indigenous Memes and the Invention of a People

Ryan Frazer Bronwyn Carlson
Social Media + Society 3 (4): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117738993
2017 Article (Journal) Identity Indigenous Politics

"I drink liberal tears": genre, desire and the leaky liberal body

Pansy Duncan
Feminist Media Studies 17 (3): 516-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1304718
2017 Article (Journal) Genre Ideology Liberalism Trolling and antagonism US

Identity-Related Issues in Meme Communication

Francisco Yus
Internet Pragmatics 1 (1): 113-33. https://doi.org/10/gf8wff
2018 Article (Journal) Identity

Hashtagging Depression on Instagram: Towards a More Inclusive Mental Health Research Methodology

Anthony McCosker Ysabel Gerrard
New Media & Society 23 (7): 1899-1919. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820921349
2020 Article (Journal) Instagram Hashtags Health Mental health Methodology

GothShakira: High Priestess of Dank Feminist Memery

Merray Gerges
2016 Interview Instagram Feminism

Good Karen, Bad Karen: visual culture and the anti-vaxx mom on Reddit

Miranda J. Brady Erika Christiansen Emily Hiltz
2022 Article (Journal) Reddit Anti-vaxx COVID-19 Gender Karen

Good Citizenship as a Frame Contest: Kony2012, Memes, and Critiques of the Networked Citizen

Neta Kligler-Vilenchik Kjerstin Thorson
New Media & Society 18 (9): 1993-2011. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815575311
2016 Article (Journal) Citizenship Kony2012 Network culture Politics

Good Artists Copy; Great Artists Steal: Reflections on Cut-Copy-Paste Culture

Stefan Sonvilla-Weiss
The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies edited by Eduardo Navas, Owen Gallagher, Xtine Burrough, 54-63. New York: Routledge
2015 Book Chapter Aesthetics Art Remix culture

Girls' 'Pain Memes' on YouTube: The Production of Pain and Femininity in a Digital Network

A. S. Dobson
2015 Book chapter YouTube Feminism Gender Pain

#gainingweightiscool: the use of transformation photos on Instagram among female weightlifters in recovery from eating disorders

Hester Hockin-Boyers Stacey Pope Jamie Kimberly
Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 13 (1): 94-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2020.1836511
2020 Article (Journal) Instagram Feminism

"Fuck Your Body Image": Teen Girls' Twitter and Instagram Feminism in and Around School

Hanna Retallack Jessica Ringrose Emilie Lawrence
Learning Bodies edited by Julia Coffey, Shelley Budgeon, Helen Cahil, 85-103. Singapore: Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0306-6_6
2016 Book Chapter Instagram Body image Feminism Gender

From Symbolic Values to Symbolic Innovation: Internet-Memes and Innovation

Mickael Benaim
Research Policy 47 (5): 901-10. https://doi.org/10/gdn35z
2018 Article (Journal) Memes as Capital

From Polarization to Hate: Portrait of the Spanish Political Meme

Juan-Manuel González-Aguilar María Antonia Paz Ana Mayagoitia-Soria
Social Media + Society 7 (4): https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211062920
2021 Article (Journal) Twitter Hate Speech Political communication Politics Public discourse Spain

From Counter-Power to Counter-Pepe: The Vagaries of Participatory Epistemology in a Digital Age

C.W. Anderson Matthias Revers
Media and Communication 6 (4): 24. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i4.1492
2018 Article (Journal) Pepe Politics Trolling and antagonism

Freax: The Brief History of the Computer Demoscene

Polgár Tamás
Winnenden: CSW-Verlag 9783981049404
2005 Book Aesthetics Art

Feminist Humour: Rebellious and Self-affirming

Lisa Merrill
Women's Studies 15 (4): 271-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1988.9978732
1988 Article (Journal) Feminism Gender Protest Resistance

Families and Networks of Internet Memes: The Relationship Between Cohesiveness, Uniqueness, and Quiddity Concreteness

Limor Shifman Asaf Nissenbaum Elad Segev Nathan Stolero
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 20 (4): 417-433. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12120
2015 Article (Journal) Cohesiveness Generic features of memes Meme quiddities Uniqueness

Extending the Internet meme: Conceptualizing technological mimesis and imitation publics on the TikTok platform

Diana Zulli David James Zulli
New Media & Society 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820983603
2020 Article (Journal) TikTok Memes as Capital

Exploring Local Meaning-Making Resources: A Case Study of a Popular Chinese Internet Meme (Biaoqingbao)

Yaqian Jiang Camilla Vásquez
Internet Pragmatics 3 (2): 260-82. https://doi.org/10/ggdjxs
2019 Article (Journal) Identity Meaning-making China

Doing Feminism in the Network: Networked Laughter and the 'Binders Full of Women' Meme

Carrie Rentschler Samantha C. Thrift
Feminist Theory 16 (3): 329-59. https://doi.org/10/f7z3wh
2015 Article (Journal) Feminism Gender

Disturbing Hegemonic Discourse: Nonbinary Gender and Sexual Orientation Labeling on Tumblr

Abigail Oakley
Social Media + Society 2 (3): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116664217
2016 Article (Journal) Tumblr Feminism Gender Identity

Digital Memory and the Archive

Wolfgang Ernst
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 9780816677672
2012 Book Digital culture Media archeaology Media theory New media

Defining and characterizing the concept of Internet Meme

Díaz Castaño Carlos Mauricio
Revista CES Psicología 6 (2): 82-104. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4235/423539422007.pdf
2013 Article (Journal) Definitions Memetics

Deadpan humour, the comic disposition and the interpretation of ironic ambiguity online

Nicholas Holm
2021 Article (Journal) Deadpan Humour Irony Satire

Darwinizing Culture: The Status of Memetics as a Science

Robert Aunger
New York: Oxford University Press
2000 Book Memetics

Cultural Analytics

Lev Manovich
Cambridge: MIT Press
2020 Book Aesthetics Art

Crowding Out Memetic Explanation

Rosa Cao
Philosophy of Science 87 (5): 1160-1171. https://doi.org/10/gg4shj
2020 Article (Journal) Memetics Philosophy of science

Cracking Jokes: Studies of Sick Humor Cycles & Stereotypes

Alan Dundes
Berkeley: Ten Speed Press
1987 Book Identity Sick humour

Copyright, Transformativeness, and Protection for Internet Memes

Natalia Mielczarek W. Wat Hopkins
Journalism & Mass Communicaton Quarterly 98 (1): 37-58. https://doi.org/10/ghcnfh
2020 Article (Journal) Copyright Law Memes as Capital

Conviviality and Collectives on Social Media: Virality, Memes, and New Social Structures

Piia Varis Jan Blommaert
Multilingual Margins: A Journal of Multilingualism from the Periphery 2 (1): 31-45. https://doi.org/10/ggff7p
2015 Article (Journal) Identity Virality

Constructions as Memes-Interactional Function as Cultural Convention beyond the Words

Elke Diedrichsen
Beyond Words : Content, Context, and Inference edited by Frank Liedtke, Cornelia Schulze, 283-305. Boston: Mouton Series on Pragmatics
2013 Book Chapter Linguistics Semiotics

Communicating Mixed Messages about Religion through Internet Memes

Gabrielle K. Aguilar Heidi A. Campbell Mariah Stanley Ellen Taylor
Information, Communication & Society 20 (10): 1498-1520. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1229004
2017 Article (Journal) Religion

Communicating Graphically: Mimesis, Visual Language, and Commodification as Culture

Matt Applegate Jamie Cohen
Cultural Politics 13 (1): 81-100. https://doi.org/10.1215/17432197-3755204
2017 Article (Journal) Aesthetics Art

"Come for the Period Comics. Stay for the Cultural Awareness": Reclaiming the Troll Identity through Feminist Humor on Reddit's /r/TrollXChromosomes

Adrienne Massanari
Feminist Media Studies 19 (1): 19-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1414863
2019 Article (Journal) Reddit Feminism Gender Trolling and antagonism

Cognitive Mechanisms and Emergent Grammatical Features in Internet Memes

Elke Diedrichsen
Linguistics Beyond and Within 4 22-37.
2018 Article (Journal) Linguistics Semiotics

Chronotopic Representations as an Effect of Individuation: The Case of the European Migrant Crisis

Ondřej Procházka
Language in Society 1-27. https://doi.org/10/ggc3qp
2019 Article (Journal) Identity Migration Europe

Celebrity memes, audioshop, and participatory fan culture: a case study on Keanu Reeves memes

Danielle Nielsen Diane Sabenacio Nititham
Celebrity Studies 13 (2): 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2022.2063397
2022 Article (Journal) Celebrities Fan cultures Fandom Participatory culture

By Any Memes Necessary: This Art Exhibit Takes Feminist Internet Culture From URL To IRL

Mo Johnson
2017 Article (Digital Magazine) Instagram Art Feminism Gender

"By Any Memes Necessary": Exploring the Intersectional Politics of Feminist Memes on Instagram

Caitlin Breheny
MA Dissertation, University of Uppsala
2017 MA Dissertation Instagram Feminism Gender Identity Politics

Buy Memes Low, Sell Memes High: Vernacular Criticism and Collective Negotiations of Value on Reddit's MemeEconomy

Loana Literat Sarah Van Den Berg
Information, Communication & Society 22 (2): 232-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1366540
2019 Article (Journal) Reddit Memes as Capital Rhetoric

"Brussels Will Land on Its Feet like a Cat": Motivations for Memefying #Brusselslockdown

Minna S. Jensen Christina Neumayer Luca Rossi
Information, Communication & Society 23 (1): 59-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1486866
2020 Article (Journal) Memes as Capital Europe

Boosting Health Campaign Reach and Engagement Through Use of Social Media Influencers and Memes

Ganna Kostygina Hy Tran Steven Binns Glen Szczypka Sherry Emery Donna Vallone Elizabeth Hair
Social Media + Society 6 (2): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120912475
2020 Article (Journal) Health Influencers Social media

Boogaloo and Civil War 2: Memetic Antagonism in Expressions of Covert Activism

Bradley E. Wiggins
2020 Article (Journal) Identity Politics Trolling and antagonism US

Black Memes Matter: #LivingWhileBlack With Becky and Karen

Apryl Williams
Social Media + Society 6 (4): https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120981047
2020 Article (Journal) BBQ Becky Karen Race White supremacy

Attack of the 50-foot social justice warrior: The discursive construction of SJW memes as monstrous feminine

Adrienne Massanari Shira Chess
Feminist Media Studies 18 (4): 525-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1447333
2018 Article (Journal) Feminism Gender Politics Social Justice Warrior

Analysis of Facebook Meme Groups Used During the 2016 US Presidential Election

Mia Moody-Ramirez Andrew B. Church
Social Media + Society 5 (1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118808799
2019 Article (Journal) Facebook Civic expression Content analysis Politics Social media US

Affordances-Based Brand Relations: An Inquire on Memetic Brands on Instagram

Alessandro Caliandro Guido Anselmi
Social Media + Society 7 (2): https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211021367
2021 Article (Journal) Instagram Affordances Automated Visual Analysis Brands Monetisation

A Critical Examination of Ageism in Memes and the Role of Meme Factories

Si Yu Lee Jasmon WT Hoh
2021 Article (Journal) Ageism Meme factories

A Country Laughing at Itself: Malawian Humor in the Digital Age

Emmanuel Ngwira Ken Junior Lipenga
English Studies in Africa 61 (2): 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2018.1540156
2018 Article (Journal) Civic expression Humour Jokes Parody Malawi

A Chronotopic Approach to Identity Performance in a Facebook Meme Page

Ondřej Procházka
Discourse, Context & Media 25 78-87. https://doi.org/10/gf8wg5
2018 Article (Journal) Facebook Identity